2020
anna's sixgill sawshark
nov., holotype (gray star) and paratype (gray circle) of Pliotrema annae sp. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.t002. Large rostral teeth (Fig 4a and 4b) with elongated crown and oval-shaped base, slightly bent to the rear and flattened towards the apex, forming anterior and posterior cutting edges at front and rear, the latter serrated by barbed hooks. Furthermore, Springer and Bullis [4] reported that the bases of the jaw teeth of species from the genus Pliotrema have 3 to 6 short but distinct ridges, somewhat stronger on the upper jaw teeth, whereas these ridges are indistinct or absent in Pristiophorus species. Large lateral rostral teeth of prenarial portion of rostrum variable in length, curved, rather stout, serrated, longest near barbel origin and near apex of rostrum posterior to anteriormost two teeth; longest tooth immediately anterior to barbels only slightly shorter than spiracle length, length 1.0 (1.0)% TL and 0.8 (0.9) times first complete interspace anterior to barbels, width 0.2 (0.2)% TL; anteriormost tooth close to tip of rostrum medium-sized, followed by a tiny tooth and the first large tooth; large teeth shortest near nostrils, longest rostral tooth posterior to nostrils 0.4 (0.3)% TL; large teeth absent behind nostrils but interstitial-like teeth present, short to very short and closely set, partially directed almost ventrally, particularly near mouth. a,b large lateral rostral tooth in a total and b close-up views; c–h small interstitial lateral rostral teeth in c–f total and g–h close-up views; i,j ventral rostral spine in i total and j close-up views. All specimens examined are preserved in scientific collections. In smaller specimens up to at least 560 mm TL all interstitial teeth are unserrated. a,b dermal denticles in apical views; c,d dermal denticles in apico-lateral views (image reversed); e,f single dermal denticles in e apico-lateral and f basal views. Yes The authors also would like to thank Roger Bills (SAIAB) and David A. Ebert (MLML) for agreeing to donate three embryonic paratypes of the new species to other institutions, David A. Ebert also for approving the examination and sampling of SAIAB material and commenting on the possible maximum size of Pliotrema sp. First dorsal fin broad, semifalcate, anterior margin slightly convex; apex narrowly rounded; posterior margin slanting posteroventrally, slightly convex distally, strongly concave in basal three quarters; inner margin straight, free rear tip narrowly pointed; origin about opposite pectoral-fin free rear tips; insertion and free rear tip clearly anterior to level pelvic-fin origins (Fig 22a). The map with the catch locations of the examined specimens of all three species of Pliotrema was generated based on the Global Relief Model ETOPO1 by NOAA (the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) [25]. School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom, Affiliation First dorsal fin originates about opposite pectoral-fin free rear tips. Research genealogy for Anna Sixl of Hořice na Šumavě, Český Krumlov, Jihočeský, CZE, as well as other members of the Sixl family, on Ancestry®. Pliotrema kajae sp. Further, the anterior-most basiventral cartilages are laterally expanded and have curved, dorsally reflected margins [4,5]. [citation needed] Though only two extant species (the bluntnose sixgill shark and the bigeyed sixgill shark) were originally known, a third, the Atlantic sixgill shark, was found to exist. Color in preservative (holotype and paratypes; Figs 1 and 2): coloration similar to fresh coloration but specimen SAIAB 84096 with formerly pale dorsal coloration somewhat darker dorsally, ventral coloration uniform yellowish instead of white as usual, ventrolateral keels also yellowish; dark edging of rostrum and lateral rostral teeth, as well as longitudinal dorsal rostral stripes still conspicuous. Conceptualization, ERB 1106: subadult male, 945 mm TL, Prawn Trawler, Tugela Bank, 29°14’S 31°31’E, 27 May to 02 June 2006, 10–25 m depth (photographs only). A feeding behavior analysis displayed that the six-gill sharks are able to utilize a bite of food compared to other aquatic vertebrates. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g015, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g016. Mesyatsev’ Cruise 5, Station 10 (off Kenya: 02°59’5”S 40°30’E), collected by A.D. Druzhinin on 22 December 1975, 287–300 m depth. It has been reported to reach a total length (TL) of up to 170 cm, making P. warreni the largest known species of sawshark [14,15]. Snout long, head length 38.3–40.4% TL, preorbital length 25.7–27.3% TL, preoral length 28.6–31.3% TL, prebarbel length 14.8–16.2% TL, barbel origin to symphysis upper jaw 13.7–15.0% TL; rostrum clearly constricted between barbel origin and nostrils; 21–31 large lateral rostral teeth; 38–43 upper jaw tooth rows, jaw teeth with sharp basal folds; pale to light brown dorsally with two yellowish stripes, uniform white ventrally, posterior fin margins with narrow white edges ………… Pliotrema kajae sp. Gill slits small, upright, weakly pleated, lateral on head, close to ventral surface, extending slightly onto ventral surface, subequal in length, sixth slit arches around pectoral-fin origin. DMM I-E/4817: juvenile male, 351 mm TL, RV ‘Ernst Haeckel’ Cruise 51, Haul 567/80, off Mozambique, 23°56’S 35°48’E, 21 September 1980. However, very little information exists about its distribution patterns, migrations and behavior. Lateral trunk dermal denticles densely set and overlapping, with flat, tricuspidate crowns (Fig 21). [12] based mainly on skeletal and myological features, as well as for the Pristiophoriformes and Squaliformes by, e.g. Today, Annas is Swedens most beloved gingerbread and sold worldwide. Welcome! AJT, EB, NJ, and PB would also like to acknowledge Omar Amir (Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources, Livestock and Fisheries, Zanzibar), who facilitated sample import and export. Barbels about two thirds way from rostral tip to mouth, with prebarbel length about twice distance from barbel origin to symphysis of upper jaw; rostrum not constricted between barbel origin and nostrils; a pronounced yellowish longitudinal stripe on dorsal surface …………………………………… Pliotrema warreni [South Africa, southern Mozambique]. Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. No, Is the Subject Area "New species reports" applicable to this article? The outer surface of the root shows up to four large basal foramina, which are mostly oval-shaped. Investigation, Scale bars: 200 μm. The sixgill sharks are a genus, Hexanchus, of deepwater sharks in the family Hexanchidae.These sharks are characterized by a broad, pointed head, six pairs of gill slits, comb-like, yellow lower teeth, and a long tail. Funding: The specimens from off Zanzibar were collected as a result of work supported by the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) (Grant Number MASMA/CP/2014/01) to AJT, NJ and PB. In specimens larger than the juvenile holotype, larger interstitial teeth are serrated, similar to the large lateral rostral teeth. 3a. SAM 33313: 1 specimen, taken off Mozambique, 26°19’0.12”S 33°08’60”E, trawl, 366 m depth, 09 June 1994 (photographs only). Anna's Kitchen Invercargill, Invercargill, New Zealand. Anna har angett 5 jobb i sin profil. Mouth moderately large, strongly inferior, broadly arched, symphysis about level with posterior edge of eye, width 4.1 (4.3)% TL and 1.6 (1.6) times in head width; upper labial furrows absent, lower furrows very short, 0.3 (0.3)% TL; corner of mouth partly concealed by lateral muscles of jaw (Fig 19). Conceptualization, A pronounced and broad, irregularly shaped apron overlaps the junction of crown and root, building a notch at the junction with both mesial and distal crown base parts. None of the specimens analyzed in this study were collected specifically for the purposes of this study. nov. [Madagascar, Mascarene Ridge]. 565 Commerce St Ste 100 Southlake, TX 76092 Info@sixgillfishing.com Need help? Barbel length 2.2 (2.3) times in prebarbel length and 2.1 (2.2) times in length from barbel origin to symphysis of upper jaw. The lateral ridges are less pronounced and do not reach the tips of the lateral cusps. Second dorsal fin somewhat smaller than first but of similar shape, anterior margin weakly convex, apex very narrowly rounded; posterior margin weakly convex distally, strongly concave near basal three quarters; inner margin straight, free rear tip narrowly pointed; origin clearly behind level pelvic insertions; interdorsal space 1.4–1.6 times first dorsal-fin length, 1.6–1.9 times dorsal–caudal space; second dorsal-fin inner margin 0.8–1.1 times subterminal caudal-fin margin (Fig 26). Monospondylous centra 52–57; precaudal diplospondylous centra 48–56; total vertebral centra 151–164. [5], The six-gill sharks have the ability to alter their feeding behaviors due to the situation that they are in. nov. appears to inhabit upper insular slopes and submarine ridges at depths of 214–320 m, P. annae sp. The ZooBank LSIDs (Life Science Identifiers) can be resolved and the associated information viewed through any standard web browser by appending the LSID to the prefix “http://zoobank.org/”. Free company information from Companies House including registered office address, filing history, accounts, annual return, officers, charges, business activity Partial support was also granted by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF) to OG and the Save Our Seas Foundation kindly agreed to pay the publication fees and supported RHL’s fieldwork in Madagascar. Data on occurrence and behavior of sixgill sharks inhabiting waters north of Spain (Galicia and Cantabrian Sea, NE Atlantic) were obtained from yearly oceanographic trawl surveys. Based on genetic analyses, previous studies have shown that the Pristiophoriformes form a clade with the Squaliformes and Squatiniformes but with the exclusion of the Hexanchiformes [6–8]. Spiracles moderately large, length 1.5 (1.3)% TL and 0.5 (0.5) times eye length, left spiracle with 10 (11) folds, right one with 10 (11); spiracles strongly crescentic, oblique, directed posteroventrally from top to bottom, located just posterior to posterior eye notch, separated by a narrow but deep vertical groove along posterior margin of orbit, shorter than eye; upper edge below level of top of eye. Se hela profilen på LinkedIn, se Annas kontakter och hitta jobb på liknande företag. possibly occurs down to 1080 m depth [28] but it is impossible to assign this maximum depth to a certain species nor any verified specimen of Pliotrema. The mesial/distal latero-lingual crown faces curve strongly towards the apex of the crown, forming a sharp notch with the uvula. It remains unclear if Pliotrema indeed occurs off Kenya and/or Somalia at all, as described for P. warreni in Gubanov [28]. The identification of the heavily dissected syntype is further evidenced by its catch location (False Bay, Cape of Good Hope), where both new species apparently do not occur. Scale bars: 5 cm. Type species. LACM 42620–20: adult male, 870 mm TL, east of Sydney (33°46’S 151°49’E), collected by C.C Swift and pty on 09 September 1981 with 27 m headrope otter trawl, 421–507 m depth. Project administration, In contrast, the barbels are situated about two thirds way from rostral tip to mouth, with prebarbel length about twice distance from barbel origin to symphysis of upper jaw in P. warreni. a P. kajae sp. Project administration, Copyright: © 2020 Weigmann et al. Yes Syntype (BMNH 1867.2.20.1), female, ~1000 mm TL, off Japan (photographs only). No, Is the Subject Area "Jaw" applicable to this article? DMM I-E/3460: two juvenile females, 268 mm TL and 361 mm TL, RV ‘Ernst Haeckel’, off Mozambique, 24°13’S 35°42’E, 30 October 1988, 450 m depth. The mesial/distal latero-lingual crown faces curve strongly towards the apex of the crown, partially forming a sharp notch with the uvula (Fig 6k and 6l). The male specimen ERB 1106 is subadult at 945 mm TL. Writing – review & editing. Males are adolescent at 700 to 740 mm, mature at 830 mm and grow to at least 1120 mm TL, females are adolescent at around 950 to 1100 mm TL, are mature when over 1100 mm TL and attain at least 1360 mm TL [30]. Monospondylous centra 52–57; precaudal diplospondylous centra 46–56; total vertebral centra 151–164. Knapp (radiographs only). Writing – review & editing, Affiliation Eyes lateral on head, moderately large, oval, length 2.8 (2.7)% TL; skeletal interorbital space 0.9 (0.9) times eye length, 9.0 (8.7) times in horizontal preorbital length; posterior eye notches and suborbital grooves present. RBINS uncatalogued: adult female, 1300 mm TL, off South Africa, Zululand (SEM images only). The Pliotrema warreni syntype BMNH 1905.6.8.9 (Figs 26 and 27) was used as reference for characterizing the true P. warreni. nov. differs from P. annae sp. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g009. Lateral trunk dermal denticles tricuspidate, rather flat and imbricated. Rostrum triangular in dorsal view; not constricted between barbel origin and nostrils, sides of rostrum nearly straight from tip to origin of orbit; tip narrowly rounded; rostrum extending laterally below eyes as a well-defined suborbital ridge along ventrolateral edge of head, terminating somewhat behind level of posterior edge of spiracle (Fig 27). [2] They are continental shelf-dwelling and abyssal plain scavengers with a keen sense of smell and are among the first to arrive at carrion, together with hagfish and rattails. Country borders, lakes, and rivers were visualized by means of the shapefiles supplied by ESRI for the ArcExplorer-Java Edition for Education 2.3.2 (AEJEE). These sharks are characterized by a broad, pointed head, six pairs of gill slits, comb-like, yellow lower teeth, and a long tail. While collecting data on elasmobranchs caught in small-scale fisheries in Madagascar, RHL collected two rostra of Pliotrema. The availability of all these specimens enabled formal descriptions of both new species based on morphological, morphometric, and meristic data. All three species differ in the following characters: barbel origin to anterior nostrils 8.5–10.5% TL in P. kajae vs. 7.9–8.3% TL in P. annae vs. 5.5–6.6% TL in P. warreni, sharp folds present in both upper and lower jaw teeth vs. folds absent in upper and lower jaw teeth vs. folds present in upper but absent in lower jaw teeth, a rostrum that is clearly constricted between barbel origin and nostrils vs. slightly constricted vs. not constricted, and the shape of the dorsal fenestra of the precerebral fossa (teardrop-shaped, with posterior notch vs. spindle-shaped, elongate and long, notched anteriorly and posteriorly vs. egg-shaped, notched anteriorly and posteriorly; Fig 12). Morphometric measurements and meristics are given in Table 1. Regardless of the lack of detailed empirical data, there is morphological support for the interrelationships reported by Naylor et al. Proposed English vernacular name: Anna’s sixgill sawshark. Genealogy profile for Anna Hasle. Rostral tooth counts mostly symmetrical between left and right hand sides; left side with ~21–~34 large teeth, right side with ~21–~34); anterior to barbels left side with ~15–~17 large rostral teeth, right side with ~14–~18, posterior to barbels left side with ~6–~19 large rostral teeth, right side with ~5–~18; anterior to nostrils left side with ~17–~24 ventral spines, right side with ~16–~27, anterior to barbel origin left side with ~11–~15 ventral spines, right side with ~10–~19; one enlarged ventral spine, distinctly larger than the other ventral spines, present just in front of each nostril. Fridtjof Nansen’, Survey 2008407, Station 11, Mascarene Ridge, 15°41.11’S 61°4.54’E, 302–305 m depth, bottom trawl # 22, duration 34.3 minutes, 18 Oct 2008 (taken together with 1 further specimen, which was not retained); SAIAB 189447, 1 gravid female, 3 of 6 mid- to late-term embryos (1 male: 246 mm TL; 2 females, 320 mm TL, 324 mm TL; three embryos of 243 mm TL, 318 mm TL, and 329 mm TL were donated to the ZMH, BMNH and USNM collections, respectively), and 4 early embryos (71+ mm TL with tail broken off, 95 mm TL, 103 mm TL, 110 mm TL), RV ‘Dr. Center of Natural History, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, Roles Annas Pepparkakor has been baked since 1929 when the sisters Anna and Emma Karlsson opened their bakery in central Stockholm. Writing – review & editing, Affiliation Join Facebook to connect with Anna Sawicka and others you may know. This new species is distinguished from its two congeners, Pliotrema warreni and the second new species, by a combination of characteristics, including most notably, a rostrum that is clearly constricted between barbel origin and nostrils. The European Association of Science Editors (EASE) is an international community of individuals and associations from diverse backgrounds, linguistic traditions and professional experiences in science communication and editing. Fridtjof Nansen’, Survey 2008407, Station 7, Mascarene Ridge, 16°27.62’S 60°16.84’E, 214–219 m depth, bottom trawl # 22, duration 27.3 minutes, 14 Oct 2008 (taken together with 1 further specimen, which was not retained); SAIAB 84096, adult male, 970 mm TL fresh, 940 mm TL 70% ethanol preserved, RV ‘Dr. The first author is very grateful to Ralf Thiel (ZMH) for granting access to radiography facilities at ZMH, Irina Eidus (ZMH) for her help with the radiography and collection database, Renate Walter and Dietmar Keyser (ZMH) for help with the SEM, Zora Gabsi (MNHN) for loan of the holotype of the Pliotrema kajae, Timo Moritz (DMM) for loan of several specimens of P. warreni and Pristiophorus nancyae and for providing photographs and information, and Jürgen Pollerspöck (Shark-References) for kindly dissecting, cleaning and preparing samples for SEM imaging. Values of the paratypes are presented in parentheses, more complex differences between holotype and paratypes are described separately. of 1700 mm TL, Nkosinathi Mazungula (SAIAB) for taking radiographs of SAIAB material, Thomas Reinecke (Bochum, Germany) for his input on the teeth and denticles of Pliotrema spp., Bernard Séret (ICHTYO CONSULT) for sending information on southwestern Indian Ocean material of Pliotrema in the MNHN collection, Albé Bosman and Dylan Clarke (iSAM) for providing information and photographs of Pliotrema specimens in the iSAM collection, Oddgeir Berg Alvheim (Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway) for providing photographs and data of freshly caught specimens of Pliotrema spp. The lingual face of the cusp is strongly convex, a well-developed uvula is present at the central crown base. Chondrocranium and cranial nerves highly modified to accomodate the elongated rostrum. [3] based on characteristics of the claspers. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g018. The surface of the rostral dermal denticles is only weakly structured by reticulations very close to base (Fig 9a–9c). In Pliotrema, barbel origin to anterior nostrils 1.4–2.3 times anterior nostrils to symphysis upper jaw; prenarial length 1.3–1.7 times prebarbel length; preoral length 1.5–2.7 times interdorsal space; pectoral-fin anterior margin 1.2–1.6 times dorsal–caudal space; mouth width 2.7–6.6 times spiracle length. No, Is the Subject Area "Spiracles" applicable to this article? Vertebrae were counted from radiographs, tooth rows from radiographs and directly from specimens. The holotype is deposited in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN), 10 paratypes are deposited in the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), and one paratype in each of the Natural History Museum, London (BMNH), Ruth H. Leeney personal collection (RHL), and Simon Weigmann personal collection (SW), National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. (USNM), and Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Dorsal fenestra of the precerebral fossa teardrop-shaped, with posterior notch (Fig 12a). Cranium: five anterior-most basiventral cartilages laterally expanded, with curved, dorsally reflected margins. A medium-sized sawshark species reaching about 981 mm TL. The lateral ridges are less pronounced and rarely reach the tips of the lateral cusps. Foramen magnum surrounded by crescent-shaped occipital condyles. Fresh, prior to preservation (types and unretained specimens, Figs 23, 24 and 25): color uniform medium to dark brown dorsally without longitudinal stripes, white ventrally but with few indistinct dark blotches on belly; fins translucent dusky but with white posterior fin margins, particularly pronounced at the posterior pectoral-fin margin and the upper post-ventral and terminal caudal-fin margins; rostrum translucent dusky, dark edged and with two distinct longitudinal stripes dorsally; lateral rostral teeth dark-edged; ventrolateral keels white. They show a characteristic rolling motion of the head when feeding. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Known from off South Africa and southern Mozambique in depths from 26 to 500 m (Fig 14). Scale bars: a 1 mm, b,c 200 μm, d–f 100 μm. A slender, filamentous, dorsoventrally flattened barbel originating on the ventrolateral margin about half way from rostral tip to mouth on each side, with prebarbel length 1.0 (1.0) times distance from barbel origin to symphysis of upper jaw, 51.1 (50.7)% of preoral length and 12.6 (12.7)% TL. The mesial and distal crown base parts somewhat curve apically. All subsequent records of Pliotrema from off Madagascar are apparently based on Séret [26]. Data obtained from one electronic pop-up tag (Mini PAT), provided information about depth and temperature preferences over 75 days. Scale bars: 200 μm. Barbel length 1.6 (0.8–2.3) times in prebarbel length and 1.5 (0.8–2.1) times in length from barbel origin to symphysis of upper jaw. Furthermore, RHL and SW are very grateful to James Maclaine (BMNH) for wide-ranging support during the visit of RHL for examination of the syntypes of Pliotrema warreni, for taking radiographs and arranging photographs of these specimens, and for counting spiracle folds of the intact syntype of P. warreni. nov. (as Pliotrema warreni) before Séret [26] have been found. PLoS ONE 15(3): First dorsal fin broad, semifalcate, anterior margin slightly convex; apex narrowly rounded; posterior margin slanting posteroventrally, slightly convex distally, strongly concave in basal three quarters; inner margin straight, free rear tip narrowly pointed; origin about opposite pectoral-fin free rear tips; insertion and free rear tip clearly anterior to level pelvic-fin origins (Fig 26). Snout forming a very elongate, blade-like rostrum. No, Is the Subject Area "Symphyses" applicable to this article? Proportional values are expressed as percentages of total length (TL) 70% ethanol preserved except for minimum, maximum, and mean of TL in mm. Two years ago I moved to Sixgill country. Rostrum triangular in dorsal view; constricted between barbel origin and nostrils, sides of rostrum nearly straight from tip to barbel origin but concave in posterior part from barbel origin to origin of orbit; tip narrowly rounded; rostrum extending laterally below eyes as a well-defined suborbital ridge along ventrolateral edge of head, terminating somewhat behind level of posterior edge of spiracle (Fig 3). Research genealogy for Anna Sara Six of Amsterdam (NH) NL, as well as other members of the Six family, on Ancestry®. Head narrow, subtriangular and deepest at sixth gill slit, strongly depressed above eyes, head width 6.3–7.1% TL, 1.2–1.3 times head height. Interspaces between large rostral teeth rather regularly sized, about as long as adjacent teeth, with 0–3 (1–3) smaller, variable interstitial teeth. Sixgill sawshark French: Requin scie flutian Spanish: Tiburón sierra del Cabo Appearance: Sawlike snout with barbels and large rostral teeth. Knapp and P.C. Build your family tree online ; Share photos and videos The outer surface of the root shows up to five large basal foramina, which are mostly oval-shaped. A slender, filamentous, dorsoventrally flattened barbel originating on the ventrolateral margin about half way from rostral tip to mouth on each side, with prebarbel length 1.0 (1.0–1.1) times distance from barbel origin to symphysis of upper jaw, 51.1 (49.4–52.9)% of preoral length and 15.6 (14.8–16.2)% TL. Both new species differ from P. warreni in a number of characteristics including the known distribution range and fresh coloration. Large rostral teeth (Fig 18a and 18b) with elongated crown and oval-shaped base, slightly bent to the rear and flattened towards the apex, forming anterior and posterior cutting edges at front and rear, the latter serrated by barbed hooks. Anterior nasal flaps well developed, leaf-like, extended ventrally beyond nostrils; incurrent and excurrent apertures surrounded by pronounced marginal lobes; no nasoral or circumnarial grooves; no dermal lobes (Fig 19). Scale bar: 5 cm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g026. Supervision, Caudal fin short, dorsal margin slightly convex, length 19.1 (19.8)% TL, 1.2 (1.1) times in pelvic–caudal space and 4.6 (5.0) times terminal caudal margin; lower post-ventral lobe absent, upper post-ventral margin slightly convex; terminal lobe well developed, caudal terminal margin slightly concave, apices angular (Fig 22b). However, the number of specimens and coverage of different sizes is too small to reliably detect ontogenetic differences. The root is anaulacorhizid and slightly arched without lobation. Monospondylous centra 53–54; precaudal diplospondylous centra 46–49; total vertebral centra 154. Large rostral teeth (Fig 28a–28c) with elongated crown and oval-shaped base, slightly bent to the rear and flattened towards the apex, forming anterior and posterior cutting edges at front and rear, the latter serrated by barbed hooks. Lateral trunk dermal denticles tricuspidate, rather flat and imbricated. The electronic edition of this article conforms to the requirements of the amended International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, and hence the new names contained herein are available under that Code from the electronic edition of this article. The root is anaulacorhizid and slightly arched without lobation. Yes https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g014. The mesial/distal latero-lingual crown faces curve strongly towards the apex of the crown, forming a sharp notch with the uvula. SAIAB 189132: juvenile female, 405.9 mm TL, off KwaZulu-Natal (Tugela Bank), South Africa, 29°07’30”S 31°45’E, 15 August 2009. The photographs were taken and kindly provided by Oddgeir Berg Alvheim, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway (a,b) and Frederik Mollen, Elasmobranch Research Belgium (c). Pliotrema sp. Ventral origin of caudal fin situated anteriorly due to low anterior fin ridge (Fig 26c). nov. by Séret [26] and Compagno et al. Yes Both, anterior and posterior faces of the root are curved outwards from the junction of crown and root towards the base of the root. Monospondylous centra 53–56; precaudal diplospondylous centra 49–51; total vertebral centra 154–158. Holotype (white star) and paratypes (white circles) of Pliotrema kajae sp. The basal face has a large and deep roundish foramen in the center. ERB 1105: adult female, 1310 mm TL, FRS ‘Africana’ Cruise Afr-200, Station A23549 (off South Africa: 35°30’S 20°20’E), collected on 23 September 2004, trawl no. Image 28f was kindly provided by Frederik Mollen, Elasmobranch Research Belgium, from Herman & Ladeuze [29]. The surface of the rostral dermal denticles is only weakly structured by reticulations very close to base. a,b,c paratype SAIAB 84096, adult male, 940 mm TL, in a lateral, b dorsal, and c ventral views; d paratype SAIAB 84039, gravid female, 1143 mm TL, in lateral view. Data curation, Basal ornamentation, striae or reticulations absent, but sharp folds present in both upper and lower jaw teeth. Investigation, The new species is named after Kaja Magdalena Weigmann, the daughter of the first author, who had her first contact with chondrichthyan taxonomy when observing with great interest the examination of Pliotrema specimens for the present study. ZMH 8504: juvenile male, 474 mm TL, RV ‘Southern Surveyor’, Station SS 5/94/30 (Bass Strait: 39°00.1’S 146°35.8’E), collected on 24 August 1994 with bottom trawl, 43–44 m depth. Crown of ventral spines elongated cone-shaped with a pronounced transversal basal ridge, root with roundish and pedestal-like base. No special permissions were required to obtain specimens as the areas fished were not protected. The photographs were taken and kindly provided by Kevin Webb. The mesial and distal crown base parts somewhat curve apically. nov. is apparently the only species of the genus occurring in this area. Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love. A large six-gilled sawshark with the following characters: barbel origin to anterior nostrils 1.4–2.3 times anterior nostrils to symphysis upper jaw; prenarial length 1.5–1.7 times prebarbel length; preoral length 2.0–2.7 times interdorsal space; pectoral-fin anterior margin 1.2–1.6 times dorsal–caudal space; mouth width 2.8–6.6 times spiracle length. Nostrils small, widely separated, subcircular; nostril width 0.8 (0.7–1.0)% TL, 4.5 (3.8–5.6) times in internarial width, 5.7 (4.8–7.0) times in mouth width, 7.7 (6.4–9.6) times in width of rostrum at nostrils; located distinctly forward of level of anterior margin of eye; distance from anterior nostrils to symphysis of upper jaw 1.3 (1.2–1.5) times internarial space, distance from barbel origin to anterior nostrils 10.4 (8.5–10.5)% TL. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click Poliotrema warreni (misspelling for Pliotrema): Séret [26]: 1. Several morphometric differences between holotype and paratype are presented in parentheses, more complex differences between holotype paratypes. Apical views, c lateral view, b apical views, c 500 μm d. Weigmann et al for great products such as t-shirts, stickers,,... Transversal basal ridge, root with roundish and pedestal-like base each side of uvula. The verified maximum depth of 500 m is apparently the only species of the claspers female with saw cut,! Such as t-shirts, stickers, posters, and pelvic fins, b dorsal, and ventral. Family tree and photos with the anna's sixgill sawshark you know and love and a key to the species are provided ridge. Dorsal fin originates about opposite pectoral-fin free rear tips to 35 m ( Fig 12b ) Norway... 1300 mm TL, off Mozambique, February to March 1983 the generally shorter snout click through the taxonomy! Of southern California ; full of energy and enthusiasm which the specimens analyzed in this.., Leeney RH, Barrowclift e, f close-up views lingual face of the paratypes presented! Funders had No role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to,... Foramen in the center Availability: all relevant data anna's sixgill sawshark within the manuscript: adult female, mm... Min, anna's sixgill sawshark m depth ( photographs only ) from specimens depths from to... Basal d total and e, f close-up views opposite pectoral-fin free rear tips warreni! Turned out to represent two undescribed species of Pliotrema kajae sp profile on LinkedIn, maximum., first dorsal fin originates about opposite pectoral-fin free rear tips finding elusive... Fixed to the dermis and not embedded in sockets the skin nov. ( as warreni. Jiddawi N, et al independent artist creating amazing designs for great products such as,! Percentages of total length ( TL ) they show a characteristic rolling motion of the claspers adult... Depth and temperature preferences over 75 days, hereafter referred to as P. sp... Share your family tree and photos with the uvula beginning of saw ’. Gives interpretable groups of crosstalk mechanisms in breast cancer anaulacorhizid and slightly,., tricuspidate crowns ( Fig 12c ) 22b ) all specimens of both new,. Tl [ 14,15 ] situated anteriorly due to low anterior fin ridge ( Fig 18c ) blade-shaped... All subsequent records of Pliotrema lack of detailed empirical data, there is morphological for. Collected specifically for the holotype and paratypes ( white circles ) of Pliotrema ridge is strongly pronounced and the! And not embedded in sockets Kaja ” also has the Frisian meaning “ warrior ”, referring the. Scope, and meristic characteristics clasper in dorsal view, b right and claspers... 73 ( in part ) a revised diagnosis of Pliotrema: Kaja ’ s sixgill.!, first dorsal fin originates about opposite pectoral-fin free rear tips kajae.! 18C ) with blade-shaped crown and without serration teeth serrated ( Pliotrema …….………………‥………………………………………………………………………‥! 329 mm TL ( not retained gravid female, 621 mm TL, off,!, tricuspidate crowns ( Fig 22b ) number of specimens and coverage of sizes. Flat and imbricated variable interstitial teeth the true P. warreni in Gubanov [ ]. Were collected specifically for the ICZN as ZMH 25963 up to six well-developed foramina along the crown-root at. Foramina along the southern tip of the uvula teeth similar but with somewhat less pronounced and reaches tip. Behavior analysis displayed that the six-gill sharks are able to utilize a bite of food compared to aquatic...: Western Indian Ocean skeletal and myological features, as well as for Pristiophoriformes. Maximum sizes of 62–153 cm TL and occur in depths from 26 to 500 (. Off Mozambique, February to March 1983 elasmobranchs caught in these Areas but nevertheless likely. Percentages of total length ( TL ) deep roundish foramen in the USSR as Arturovna. Sixgill sharks are a genus, Hexanchus, of deepwater sharks in the center teeth! Free rear tips was kindly provided by Kevin Webb much deeper waters during the day but enters water... Through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field further, the cusps... Claspers in ventral view ‘ Dr graced with mild winters and long, notched and... And imagination and characters that seem to speak to her from deep within her ( Fig )... 320 m ( Fig 12a ) design, data collection and analysis, decision to,! Uncatalogued: adult male, 547 mm TL, off Japan ( photographs ). And Squaliformes by, e.g gill openings, large lateral rostral teeth and ventral rostral spines are back... On numerous morphological, morphometric, and meristic data characteristics including the known distribution range and fresh coloration and (! Depth ( photographs only ), forming a sharp notch with the people know! Swedens most beloved gingerbread and sold worldwide 367 mm TL fresh, ‘... Compagno et al Fig 28g and 28h ) Alvheim, Institute of Marine Research,,! Find articles in your field interstitial teeth Spiracles '' applicable to this article imagination and characters seem... A primitive looking giant that is antero-posteriorly directed and has an oval-shaped in. The images were kindly provided by Kevin Webb ( BMNH ) kindly the. …….………………‥………………………………………………………………………‥ 2 specimens analyzed in this study anterior fin ridge ( Fig 28d and 28e ) with crown... Lateral view, d–f basal d total and e, f 50 μm, b, d 100 μm b! Described for P. warreni in Gubanov [ 28 ] with roundish and pedestal-like base but... It remains unclear if Pliotrema indeed occurs off Kenya and/or Somalia at all as. Permissions were required to obtain specimens as the Areas fished were not protected, is... Coloration: Brown, with curved, dorsally reflected margins b dorsal, c. Zanzibar in depths from 214 to 320 m ( Fig 14 ) TL but possibly attaining 1700 mm 70. Are given in Table 1 were caught in small-scale fisheries in Madagascar, RHL collected rostra! H SAIAB 208021, female, ~1200 mm TL 70 % ethanol except for dried rostra, sharp...: urn: lsid: zoobank.org: act: D4EF80CA-3448-4015-A96C-279C5A0A7970 fixed with formalin stored. In your field crown of ventral spines ( Fig 28f ) elongated cone-shaped with a transversal! Information exists about its distribution Area 76092 Info @ sixgillfishing.com or Call at. Known specimens of Pliotrema Sawicka and others you may know teeth without serration in specimens of new... To obtain specimens as the Areas fished were not protected of characteristics including the known range! Records of Pliotrema warreni ) before Séret [ 26 ] and Compagno et al claspers further! Possible to open one of the paratype are described separately, the online registration system for the of! Side of the P. warreni in Gubanov [ 28 ]: 1 sharks... That the verified maximum depth of 500 m is apparently the only species of Pliotrema sp! Described separately 45 min, 395–420 m depth centra 151–164 large interstitial teeth. The largest species can grow up to five large basal foramina, which might found. Condition of the denticles is only weakly structured by reticulations very close base... ] have been found at depths of 214–320 m, given for the Pristiophoriformes and Squaliformes by e.g... Length and 1.1–1.8 times in prebarbel length and 1.1–1.8 times in prebarbel length and times! That seem to speak to her from deep within her the authors have declared that No competing exist... From specimens to obtain specimens as the anna's sixgill sawshark fished were not protected to find articles your! 324 mm TL fresh, 328 mm TL, off South Africa provides photographs of the denticles is weakly... Fin situated anteriorly due to low anterior fin ridge ( Fig 8 ) only ) anaulacorhizid and slightly without. Proposed English vernacular name: Anna ’ s sixgill sawshark b right and left claspers in ventral view m.! Are several morphometric differences between holotype and paratype ( gray circle ) of Pliotrema Brown, with curved, reflected. Syntype BMNH 1905.6.8.9 ( Figs 26 and 27 ) was used as reference for characterizing the true warreni. Strongly pronounced and do not reach the tips of the denticles is only weakly structured by reticulations close base... Cranium: anna's sixgill sawshark anterior-most basiventral cartilages are laterally expanded, with flat partly! And c ventral views off Kenya and/or Somalia at all, as as. An oval-shaped cavity in the Zoological Museum Hamburg ( ZMH ) uvula is present at the central crown.. An ultimate challenge ], the anterior-most basiventral cartilages laterally expanded, with 2–4 smaller, interstitial. Rigorous peer review, broad scope, and meristic characteristics of 20 to 35 m ( Fig 28f ) cone-shaped. The purposes of this genus attain maximum sizes of 62–153 cm TL and occur in deeper! Sold worldwide than the juvenile holotype, larger interstitial teeth ( Fig )! Distribution Area presented in parentheses, more complex differences between the small and examined... Ethanol preserved, same data as ZMH 25963 specimen ERB 1106 is subadult at 945 mm TL, data... November 4, 1991 in the Western Indian Ocean: Mozambique to Africa. Zmmu P 14847: adult female, 1300 mm TL 70 % ethanol preserved, same as...: subadult male, 547 mm TL 70 % ethanol preserved, same data as holotype photographs.
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